Book reviews     

Richard Burroughs  Mark S. Peterson  Robert Buchsbaum 《Estuaries and Coasts》1997,20(4):819-821

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Spatial and Temporal Cusp Structures Observed by Multiple Spacecraft and Ground Based Observations     

K. J. Trattner  S. A. Fuselier  T. K. Yeoman  C. Carlson  W. K. Peterson  A. Korth  H. Reme  J. A. Sauvaud  N. Dubouloz 《Surveys in Geophysics》2005,26(1-3):281-305

Downward precipitating ions in the cusp regularly exhibit sudden changes in ion energy distributions, forming distinctive structures that can be used to study the temporal/spatial nature of reconnection at the magnetopause. When observed simultaneously with the Polar, FAST, and Interball satellites, such cusp structures revealed remarkably similar features. These similar features could be observed for up to several hours during stable solar wind conditions. Their similarities led to the conclusion that large-scale cusp structures are spatial structures related to global ionospheric convection patterns created by magnetic merging and not the result of temporal variations in reconnection parameters. The launch of the Cluster fleet allows cusp structures to be studied in great detail and during changing solar wind conditions using three spacecraft with identical plasma and field instrumentation. In addition, Cluster cusp measurements are linked with ionospheric convection cells by combining the satellite observations with SuperDARN radar observations that are used to derive the convection patterns in the ionosphere. The combination of satellite observations with ground-based observations during variable solar wind conditions shows that large-scale cusp structures can be either spatial or temporal. Cusp structures can be described as spatial features observed by satellites crossing into spatially separated flux tubes. Cusp structures can also be observed as poleward-traveling (temporal) features within the same convection cell, most probably caused by variations in the reconnection rate at the magnetopause.  相似文献   

An evaluation of the Community Disaster Resilience Scorecard Toolkit by small,high-risk communities on the Sunshine Coast     

Lila Singh‐Peterson  Paul Salmon  Natassia Goode  John Gallina 《Natural Hazards》2016,84(1):489-505

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Heat tracing to examine seasonal groundwater flow beneath a low-gradient stream in rural central Illinois,USA     

Hridaya Bastola  Eric W. Peterson 《Hydrogeology Journal》2016,24(1):181-194

The thermal profile of a streambed is affected by a number of factors including: temperatures of stream water and groundwater, hydraulic conductivity, thermal conductivity, heat capacity of the streambed, and the geometry of hyporheic flow paths. Changes in these parameters over time cause changes in thermal profiles. In this study, temperature data were collected at depths of 30, 60, 90 and 150 cm at six streambed wells 5 m apart along the thalweg of Little Kickapoo Creek, in rural central Illinois, USA. This is a third-order low-gradient baseflow-fed stream. A positive temperature gradient with inflection at 90-cm depth was observed during the summer period. A negative temperature gradient with inflection at 30 cm was observed during the winter period, which suggests greater influence of stream-water temperatures in the substrate during the summer. Thermal models of the streambed were built using VS2DHI to simulate the thermal profiles observed in the field. Comparison of the parameters along with analysis of temperature envelopes and Peclet numbers suggested greater upwelling and stability in temperatures during the winter than during the summer. Upwelling was more pronounced in the downstream reach of the pool in the riffle and pool sequence.  相似文献   

Reunion hotspot activitity through tertiary time: Initial results from the ocean drilling program, leg 115     

R.A. Duncan  J. Backman  L. Peterson  The Shipboard Scientific Party 《Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research》1989,36(1-3)

Leg 115 of the Ocean Drilling Program recovered basaltic rocks from four sites along the ancient trail of the Réunion hotspot. The age of volcanism, determined from biostratigraphic data at the four sites, increases to the north and records the motion of India away from the Réunion hotspot through Tertiary time. Hotspot activity began with the eruption of the Deccan flood basalt flows at the time of the Cretaceous/Tertiary boundary. The Réunion hotspot has been stationary with respect to other hotspots in the Atlantic and Indian Ocean basins through Tertiary time. The geochemical compositions of the drilled basalts differ according to the relative contributions of magmas from hotspot and MORB mantle sources.  相似文献   

Measurement and Interpretation of Low Levels of Dissolved Oxygen in Ground Water   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Art F. White  Maria L. Peterson  Ray D. Solbau 《Ground water》1990,28(4):584-590

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Chemical equilibrium and mass balance relationships associated with the Long Valley hydrothermal system, California, U.S.A.     

Art F. White  Maria L. Peterson 《Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research》1991,48(3-4)

Recent drilling and sampling of hydrothermal fluids from Long Valley permit an accurate characterization of chemical concentrations and equilibrium conditions in the hydrothermal reservoir. Hydrothermal fluids are thermodynamically saturated with secondary quartz, calcite, and pyrite but are in disequilibrium with respect to aqueous sulfide-sulfate speciation. Hydrothermal fluids are enriched in ¹⁸O by approximately 1‰ relative to recharge waters. ¹⁸O and Cl concentrations in well cuttings and core from high-temperature zones of the reservoir are extensively depleted relative to fresh rhyolitic tuff compositions. Approximately 80% of the Li and 50% of the B are retained in the altered reservoir rock. Cl mass balance and open-system ¹⁸O fractionation models produce similar water-rock ratios of between 1.0 and 2.5 kg kg⁻¹. These water-rock ratios coupled with estimates of reservoir porosity and density produce a minimum fluid residence time of 1.3 ka. The low fluid Cl concentrations in Long Valley correlate with corresponding low rock concentrations. Mass balance calculations indicate that leaching of these reservoir rocks accounts for Cl losses during hydrothermal activity over the last 40 ka.  相似文献   

Sampling zooplankton in shallow marsh and estuarine habitats: Gear description and field tests     

Jorge R. Rey  R. A. Crossman  T. R. Kain  F. E. Vose  M. S. Peterson 《Estuaries and Coasts》1987,10(1):61-67

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Gravity Exploration of a Buried Valley in the Appalachian Plateau     

Michael P. Wilson  Donald N. Peterson  Thomas F. Ostrye 《Ground water》1983,21(5):589-596

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β-FeOOH · Cl_n (akaganéite) and Fe_1-xO (wüstite) in hot brine from the Atlantis II Deep (Red Sea) and the uptake of amino acids by synthetic β-FeOOH · Cl_n     

Nils G Holm  Michael J Dowler  Tommy Wadsten  Gustaf Arrhenius 《Geochimica et cosmochimica acta》1983,47(8):1465-1470

A yellowish brown precipitate in samples of Red Sea hot brine has been identified as β-FeOOH · Cl_n (akaganéite) by Guinier-Hägg X-ray diffraction techniques, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), electron diffraction and electron excited X-ray fluorescence. Microcrystals of Fe_1-xO (wüstite) were also identified by electron diffraction. Synthetic β-FeOOH · Cl_n characterized by the same techniques was identical with the brine precipitate.Bonding between β-FeOOH · Cl_n and ¹⁴C labeled amino acids is pH dependent: between pH 3 and pH 7.6 amino acids were bound to the extent of 40 to 60% or 0.6 to 0.9 mmol per kg of iron oxide hydroxide. Some selectivity in affinity for different amino acids was observed, however, the effect is insufficient to explain the unusual distribution in the Atlantis II Deep brine reported in the literature.  相似文献